In a recent decision, the German Federal Tax Court (Bundesfinanzhof or "B.F.H.") held that repayment of capital by a U.S. subsidiary to its German parent company is not taxable in Germany. While this decision is in line with prior caselaw, it is significant because the B.F.H. held that domestic rules apply when determining the extent to which a distribution by a non-E.U. subsidiary to its German parent comes from profits and the extent to which it comes from capital. Because the participation exemption rules under German law exempts only 95% of the dividend through a disallowance of deemed expenses, tax is due on the 5% of the distribution that is attributable to earnings. Under the decision, two factors control the treatment of a distribution from a non-E.U. country: (i) the domestic accounting or corporate law treatment of the residence country and (ii) the ordering rules under German tax law. Beate Erwin and Nina Krauthamer explain the decision and how it interfaces with the ordering rules of U.S. domestic law under which distributions care treated as dividends, return of capital, and capital gains.