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U.S. Tax Litigation Update — The President’s Tax Returns and the New S.A.L.T. Cap

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U.S. Tax Litigation Update — The President’s Tax Returns and the New S.A.L.T. Cap

·      Politics on the national and local levels in the U.S. have become a form of blood sport with no holds barred and no code of conduct that is equivalent to the Marquess of Queensberry rules that controlled the sport of boxing in England from 1867 onward.  This is evidenced by various political battles between President Trump and the Democrats in the House of Representatives and in state government.  Those battles have moved to Federal court.  Issues involve the disclosure by government of the president’s tax returns, the $10,000 cap imposed on deductions claimed for state and local income and real property taxes, and state proposed workarounds to ignore the cap.  Nina Krauthamer looks at all the head-spinning activity currently taking place.  Yes, bare-knuckle boxing as practiced by politicians in the U.S. is alive and well.

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The U.K. Trust Registration Service: Impact for Trustees

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The U.K. Trust Registration Service: Impact for Trustees

The past few years have seen a steep increase in trust reporting obligations in the context of F.A.T.C.A. and the Common Reporting Standard.  Trustees must come to grips with a new set of record keeping and disclosure obligations introduced by the U.K. Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017, which came into force from June 26, 2017.  Jennifer Smithson and Isobel Morton of Macfarlanes LLP, London, explain the wide-ranging effect of the regulations and the dividing line between non-U.K. trustees that fall inside the regime and those who are outside.

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The New Transparency Register in Germany

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The New Transparency Register in Germany

October 1, 2017, was the due date for entering information on Germany’s beneficial owner registry.  The register brings transparency to all sorts of entities, including private law foundations and trusts, as data will be open to public inspection from December 27, 2017.  Dr. Andreas Richter of P+P Pöllath + Partners, Berlin, sheds light on the registration requirements.

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New Zealand Foreign Trust Disclosure Regime

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In April 2016, the New Zealand government convened an independent inquiry into the use of New Zealand foreign trusts.  Following this inquiry, a new foreign trust disclosure regime was proposed to obtain information on ultimate beneficial ownership.  Heather Howell, who heads the office of Trident Trust Group in Auckland, New Zealand, explains.

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European Registration & French Tax Law Create Pitfalls for U.S. Trusts

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Events that have taken place in the E.U. during July confirm that a U.S. person who establishes a U.S. domestic or foreign trust for the benefit of a European resident, may face significant pitfalls regarding confidentiality and tax.  While trusts historically constitute a testamentary dispositive tool in common law countries, the recent UBS and Panama Papers scandals have shed a harsh light on these instruments.  At the level of the E.U., enhancements to existing anti-money laundering provisions have been floated.  The legislation would eliminate certain exceptions to reporting.  In France, adverse tax rules already exist for trusts, settlors, and beneficiaries that fail to take into account fundamental differences among trust instruments.  In addition, wealth tax issues and public disclosure issues must be considered.  Fanny Karaman and Stanley C. Ruchelman explore these and other problem areas.

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Insights Vol. 1 No. 11: Updates & Other Tidbits

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B.E.P.S. PROJECT FACES CHALLENGE IN ADDRESSING C.F.C. RULES

The O.E.C.D.’s pending base erosion and profit shifting action plan is due to face a significant challenge as to how to address controlled foreign corporations. Action 3, which strengthens C.F.C. rules, is set to be released in 2015. Currently, European case law restricts the scope of E.U. members establishing C.F.C. regimes.

Stephen E. Shay of Harvard Law School says the U.S. is encouraging the expansion of the C.F.C. rules as a way to solve several of the issues the B.E.P.S. action plan is trying to address, however, these new rules run the risk of being contrary to E.U. jurisprudence. The E.U.’s ability to adopt stringent C.F.C. rules is limited by the Cadbury Schweppes (C-196/04), a 2006 ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union. The Court held that E.U. freedom of establishment provisions preclude the U.K. C.F.C. regime unless the regime “relates only to wholly artificial arrangements intended to escape the national tax normally payable.”

Without resolving the issue among E.U. countries, Action 3 may not be effective in appropriately addressing earnings stripping. However, Shay also added that Action 2, which neutralizes the effects of hybrid mismatch arrangements, so far appears to include an approach that works without C.F.C. rules.

CHARGES LAID AGAINST U.S. CITIZEN FOR MAINTAINING ALLEGED SECRET SWISS BANK ACCOUNTS

Department of Justice announced that charges have been laid against Peter Canale, a U.S. citizen and resident of Kentucky, for conspiring to defraud the I.R.S., evade taxes, and file a false individual income tax return. It is alleged that Canale conspired with his brother and two Swiss citizens to establish and maintain secret, undeclared bank accounts in Switzerland.

In approximately the year 2000, a relative of Canale died and left a substantial portion of assets which were held in an undeclared Swiss bank account to Canale and his brother, Michael. The brothers met with two Swiss citizens, who agreed to continue to maintain the assets in the undeclared account for the benefit of the Canales.