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Economic Substance: Views From the U.S., Europe, and the B.V.I., Cayman, and Nevis

Economic Substance: Views From the U.S., Europe, and the B.V.I., Cayman, and Nevis

Like concepts of beauty, the presence or absence of economic substance in the tax context often is in the eye of the beholder. More importantly, economic substance means different things to tax authorities in different jurisdictions and the approaches in taxpayer obligations varies widely. This article looks at the concept of economic substance in three separate localities. Stanley C. Ruchelman and Wooyoung Lee look at the U.S., addressing case law establishing the requirement and the 2010 codification of the concept into the tax code. Werner Heyvaert, a partner in the Brussels Office of AKD Benelux Lawyers, and Vicky Sheik Mohammad, an associate in the Brussels Office of AKD Benelux Lawyers, look at the Danish Cases that establish an abuse of rights view for aggressive tax planning – the taxpayer abused rights granted to it by E.U. law – and the Unshell Directive designed to remove certain tax benefits from shell companies. David Payne, Global Head of Governance for Bolder Group, looks at the self-certification rules that have been adopted in the B.V.I., Cayman, and Nevis.

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A.T.A.D.3 and How to Deal With Uncertainty in its Interpretation: A Quantitative Approach

A.T.A.D.3 and How to Deal With Uncertainty in its Interpretation:  A Quantitative Approach

A.T.A.D.3 adds a layer of complexity to an increasingly complex tax world. To illustrate, the rules under the Unshell Directive appear clear, but are nothing short of ambiguous. Moreover, certain elements of the A.T.A.D.3 analysis depend heavily on the facts and circumstances of the case, which often are not binary. Many questions are raised, and the answers affect the way operations will be carried out. Is an entity affected by A.T.A.D.3? What is A.T.A.D.3’s expected impact on a structure? Should an entity report as a shell entity in its tax return? Can a position be improved and is it worthwhile to do so? Firm answers do not come easily and nuanced responses by advisers often mean one thing to the adviser and another thing to the client. In their article, Stephan Kraan and Mark van Casteren, Partners in Huygens Quantitative Tax Consulting, Amsterdam, suggest that the proper approach involves quantitative analysis rather than qualitative advice. The goal is to adopt a statistical approach to evaluate potential results based on probability. At that point, rational decisions can be made by management and advisers. It is a fascinating read.

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